不能换成as,这是一个固定用语,在英语里是一个表修辞的句式(类比)
汉语意思是:A之于B正如C之于D
Air is to human what water is to fish.
空气之于人类犹如水之于鱼.
补充:
what引导比较状语从句
A is to B,what C is to D或者
What A is to B,so is C to D
As A is to B,that C is to D
翻译成,A和B的关系正如C和D的关系一样
例句:http://blog.163.com/sdlygyy@126/blog/static/3595351520097224329226/
有些托福的语法书上讲有的,或你也可参考《修辞学》黄任著(上海外语教育出版社)