看得出来,你真是用心学习的学者!
一般而言,现代英语中认为,像begin,start,love,hate、like等动词,后面接不定式和动名词作宾语,语义没有多大区别.
但是,如果一定要区分,那就是——
用不定式,多表示【某一特定时间的具体动作】;而动名词则表示【长期的、习惯性的爱好或行为】.例如:
I like playing football,but I don't like to play it now.
再来看你所给的两个例句:
How old were you when you first started playing the piano?
你几岁时开始弹钢琴?
【这一句其实就是表现两个用法一般可以互换的】,即变为下面的形式也正确:
How old were you when you first started【to play】 the piano?
另外,原来例句其实是想侧重强调【从小开始爱好弹琴的习惯】.
He started to learn the piano when he was seven【侧重强调“开始弹琴”的特定时间“七岁时”】.
可见,像这类用法若非特别需要,不必过于在意他们的区别.
倒是像【frogs】:forget,regret,remember,go on,try,mean等这一类,接不定式和动名词作宾语,语义区别很大的词,要重点去记.
祝你开心如意!