什麼是定语从句
在句中起定语作用,修饰某一名词或代词,或修饰整个主句的从句,叫做定语从句(The Attributive Clause).被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(Antecedent).定语从句通常跟在先行词之后,由关系词(Relatives)引出.因此,定语从句又可称为关系分句.
关系词
关系词可分为：
(1)关系代词 e.g.:that,which,who,whom,whose etc.
(2)关系副词 e.g.:when,where,why etc.
关系词既起著联系从句与主句的作用,又代替先行词在从句中担任一定的语法成分.如主句,宾语,定语,状语等.
e.g.:
The woman who is standing by the classroom is our Chinese teacher.
在此句中,the woman是先行词;关系代词who引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任主语.
This is the room where Bin Ladin once lived.
在此句中,the room是先行词;关系副词where引导定语从句并在从句中担任地点状语.
关系代词引导定语从句
Who:代替人.
做主语:
The girl who plays the piano very well is his girlfriend.
做表语:
She is no longer the woman who she used to be.
做宾语:
I can't remember the man who I gave the key to.
Whom:代替人.
做动词宾语:
Where is the student whom Professor Nirth praised at the meeting.
做介词宾语:
The girl with whom he was traveling is his girlfriend.
注：在「介词提前」即「介词+关系代词」结构出现时,关系代词只能用 whom 和 which .
Whose(=of whom/Which):
代替人(做从句中某名词的定语):
She is looking after the little child whose parents have gone to Singapore.
代替物(做从句中某名词的定语):
He lived in the room whose windows face south.
That:
代替人:
做主语:
The man that is speaking at the meeting is a famous scientist.
做宾语:
Is this the teacher that you talked about yesterday.
做表语:
She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood.
代替物:
做主语:
The train that has just left is for Beijing.
做宾语:
Is this the photo that you took last summer?
做表语:
I wish my home town was not a polluted place that you think it to be.
Which:代替物.
做主语:
The building which stands near the train station is a company.
做宾语:
The computer which she wanted to buy was sold out.
做表语:
She was fond of dancing,which her husband never was.
关系副词引导宾语从句
关系副词在意义上常常相当与一个"prep.+which"的结构.
When(=at,on,in,during + which):代替时间名词.做时间状语:
I shall never forget the day when(on which) we moved into our new flat.
Where(=in,at + which):代替地点名词.做时间状语:
This is the place where(at which) John parks his car.
Why(=for which):代替指代原因.做原因状语:
She didn't know the reason why(for which) she was dismissed.