spend的用法
1.在使用spend时,主语只能是表示人的名词或代词.例如:
Andy spent a lot of money on books.Andy花了很多钱买书.
2.若表示"在.上花费(时间、金钱等)",常用句型spend some money/ some time on sth.,介词on后接名词或代词.例如:
Kitty spends two hours on her homework every day.Kitty每天花两个小时做家庭作业.
3.若表示"花费(时间、金钱等)做某事",则常用句型spend some money / some time (in) doing sth.,此时第二个动词要用动词-ing形式,介词in可以省略.例如:
They spent 4450 yuan buying the big colour TV set.他们买那台大彩电花了4450元.
另外,spend也有"度过"的意思.例如:
They want to spend their summer holiday in the country.他们想去乡下过暑假
相关近义词比较：take,cost,spend
一、根据主语辨析
虽然三者均可表示“花费”,但所用主语不同：take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it),也可以是人；spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物；cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人.如：
It took me an hour to write the letter.我写这封信花了一个小时.
The letter took me an hour (to write).(译文同上)
I spent an hour writing the letter.(译文同上)
The computer cost (me) $2000.这台电脑花了(我) 2000 美元.
It costs $1000 a year to run a car.使用一辆车每年要花1000美元.
I have spent all day looking for you.我花了一整天找你.
注：若 cost 不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语.如：
Smokers cost them a lot of money every year.抽烟的人每年要耗费他们不少钱.
二、根据宾语辨析
take 的宾语通常是时间,cost 的宾语通常是钱,而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱.如：
It took her two hours to walk to the station.走路去车站花了她两小时.
How much did it cost to build the bridge?建这座桥花了多少钱?
He spends much time (money) on books.他花了很多时间读(钱买)书.
注：cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间).如：
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour.做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力.
按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍.如：
It takes a lot of money to buy a house.买一座房子要花一大笔钱.
三、根据句型辨析
从句型结构来看.三者的通常句型为：
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (money) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事