英语中及物动词与不及物动词有什么区别 他们各自的意义是什么

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  • 从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两类.

    1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb).如:

    I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议.

    “How long can I keep the book ”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”

    Dr.Bethune set us a good example.白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样.

    Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质.

    2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb).如:

    Birds fly.鸟会飞.

    It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月.

    My watch stopped.我的表停了.

    She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的会上发了言.

    3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词.这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:

    a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变.试比较:

    Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)

    She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员.(began作及物动词)

    When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)

    They left last week.他们是上周离开的.(left 作不及物动词)

    b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同.如:

    Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手.

    Does this cloth wash well?这布经得起洗吗?

    4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:

    a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听.英语里这些动词后面常接介词.如:

    We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站.(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)

    Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课.(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)

    Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)

    b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务.

    Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务