英语中名词性从句有哪几种啊是复合句啊

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  • 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.

    1. 主语从句

    作句子主语的从句叫主语从句.主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导.that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分.例如:

    What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚.

    Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知.

    It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的.

    2. 宾语从句

    名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句.引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语.

    1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句

    由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省.例如:

    He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海.

    We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好.

    3. 表语从句

    在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导.其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句.例如:

    The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛.

    That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的.

    4. 同位语从句

    同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容.同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等.例如:

    The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动.

    I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来.

    The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了.

    同位语从句和定语从句的区别:

    that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略.

    试比较下面两个例句:

    I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)

    Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)