1.Its diameter is 1.4 million kilometers and almost 1.47 billion kilometers from us.
2.It consist of 7 colour which are red,orange,yellow,green,light blue,dark blue and purple.
3.The phenomena depends on the theory of scatter.
4.It's true.
5.No,it can't be bum out.
6.Because it's far away from earth.Just think about the penomenon that big thing seems small when they are far from you.So the sun can be covered by a cloud even sun actually much bigger than it.
7.Earth has it own rule to circumromate around sun and itself.The night is when people in the opposite side of earth which facing to sun.
8.( Sorry,can't understand the questions)
9.(the same as above)
10.It's just a delusion made by yourself because of the distance between earth and moon.
11.Moon is full of elements and rare metals compare of earth.