(a-1)(a+1)(a^2+1)
=(a^2-1)(a^2+1)
=a^4-1
(1/3+a)(1/3-a)(1/9+a^2)
=(1/9-a^2)(1/9+a^2)
=1/81-a^4
(4+y^2)(2+y)(2-y)
=(4+y^2)(4-y^2)
=16-y^4
(1/9y^2+x^2)(1/3y-x)(1/3y+x)
(1/9y^2+x^2)(1/9y^2-x^2)
=1/81y^4-x^4
(a-1)(a+1)(a^2+1)
=(a^2-1)(a^2+1)
=a^4-1
(1/3+a)(1/3-a)(1/9+a^2)
=(1/9-a^2)(1/9+a^2)
=1/81-a^4
(4+y^2)(2+y)(2-y)
=(4+y^2)(4-y^2)
=16-y^4
(1/9y^2+x^2)(1/3y-x)(1/3y+x)
(1/9y^2+x^2)(1/9y^2-x^2)
=1/81y^4-x^4