看完你问的问题,我觉得你是很不熟悉定语从句的概念,我发定语从句的法则给你吧.你慢慢看,里面有例子,你看了还不能明白可以问我.
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where,when,why等.关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分.
三.关系代词的用法
1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物.在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略.例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐.(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的.(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略.例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市.(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看.(作宾语)
3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语.在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略.例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人.(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构.例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子.
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说.
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上.例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人.
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面.例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远.
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人.
b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车.
d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片.
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的.
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间.
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:
Tom came back,which made us happy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴.
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语.例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间.
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语.例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点.
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用.例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到.