He did as he was told.是宾语从句；可以这样理把as he was told 看作sth.,那原句就变成了He did sth.这时可以很明显的看出sth.在句子中的成分是宾语（在动词后）
所以,as he was told 是as引导的宾语从句部分,原句翻译为：他照着他被告知的做了.
第二句We should meet at the time as appointed.是省略了,应该是We should meet at the time as we appointed.
是as 引导的定语从句,修饰time
原句翻译为 我们应该在（我们）约定的时间见面