1、设电源电压是U,滑动变阻器的最大值是R2,R1R2串联
当P在b端,电压表的示数为4.5V,电流相等得(U-4.5V)/R1=4.5V/R2(1)
当P在ab中点时,电压表的示数为3V,电流相等得(U-3V)/R1=3V/(1/2R2)(2)
把R1=30Ω代入(1)(2)两式得U=9V,R2=30Ω
2、当P在b端时,电流I1=(U-4.5V)/R1=(9V-4.5V)/30Ω=0.15A
当P在ab中点时,电流I2=(U-3V)/R1=(9V-3V)/30Ω=0.2A
两次位置时电流表的示数差I2-I1=0.2A-0.15A=0.05A