英语中意思为“除了……”的表达有except／except for／besides／apart from／but／but for／other than等,它们的用法复杂多变、难以掌握,学生常常为之困惑烦恼.本文将对其进行总结、归纳、练习,使学生能够系统地掌握它们的用法,消除学生几多愁.
1.except和besides都可解作“除……之外”但含义不同.
except表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去,即从整体中除去一部分”,表示递减的概念,含义是否定的.besides表示“除了……之外,还有……”,指“在整体中加入一部分”,表示递加的概念,含义是肯定的.
试比较：
①We all went except him.
除他之外,我们都去了.(他没有去)
②We all went besides him.
除他之外,我们大家也都去了.(他也去了)
(1)besides常与other／more／else等词连用except常与all／every／everyone／none／nobody／everything／nothing等总括词连用.
eg.He had other people to take care of besidesme.
All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping.
(2)若句中没有实义动词do的某种形式except后接动词不定式而besides后接动词的-ing形式.
eg.I had no choice except to obey／besides obeying his order.
(3)若句中有实义动词do的某种形式二者后面都可以接动词原形.
eg.She has nothing to do except／besides go with him.
(4)二者后面都可以接从句.
eg.①Besides that he explained the theoryhe gave us some examples.
②He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.
(5)except后面可接for(构成短语except for)或其他介词短语,而besides不能.
except for主要有三层含义：
①表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定起部分修正主要意思的作用.
eg.Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.
②表示非同类事物进行比较.
eg.The street is empty except for several cars.
③置于句首,表达except的含义.
eg.Except for thiseverything is in order.
except for后接名(代)词可以转移为except＋从句或其他介词短语.
eg.The climate here is good except for some rainy days.(except when it rains；except that it sometimes rains；except on the rainy days)
注意：二者用于否定句时含义相同,意思是一样的.
eg.He did nothing besides (＝except) this.
除这件事外,他什么事也没做.except that 后加从句表示“只是”
On the whole he is a nice person to work with except that he is careless.
总的来说,他是一个很好共事的人,只是有些粗心.
2.except for 主要用来谈论不同类的东西,在说明情况后在细节上加以修正,有时含有惋惜之意：
His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误.
except for 常可代替cxcept,用于句首时尤其如此.(except不用于句首)：