e的定义:
e=lim(x→∞)(1+1/x)^x=2.718281828...
设a>0,a!=1
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(log a(x))'
=lim(Δx→∞)((log a(x+Δx)-log a(x))/Δx)
=lim(Δx→∞)(1/x*x/Δx*log a((x+Δx)/x))
=lim(Δx→∞)(1/x*log a((1+Δx/x)^(x/Δx)))
=1/x*lim(Δx→∞)(log a((1+Δx/x)^(x/Δx)))
=1/x*log a(lim(Δx→0)(1+Δx/x)^(x/Δx))
=1/x*log a(e)
特殊地,当a=e时,(log a(x))'=(ln x)'=1/x.
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设y=a^x
两边取对数ln y=xln a
两边对求x导y'/y=ln a
y'=yln a=a^xln a
特殊地,当a=e时,y'=(a^x)'=(e^x)'=e^xln e=e^x.