There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English.
There are more than 42 countries 为主句
THERE:主语
ARE:系动词做谓语
more than 42 countries:做表语
where the majority of the people speak English:为从句
WHERE引导地点状语从句,用来修饰COUNTRIES
the majority of the people:做主语
speak:及物动词做谓语
English:名词做宾语