一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时的异同点

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  • 过去时和完成时的区别:

    过去进行时和一般过去时的区别:

    都用以表示过去发生的动作.一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或一段时正在进行的动作.例如:

    I was drawing a house yesterday evening.昨晚我在画房子.(可能没画完)

    I drew a house yesterday evening.昨晚我画了一座房子.(已经画完了)

    We were building a bridge last winter.去年冬天我们建桥了.(可能没建好)

    We built a bridge last winter.去年冬天我们建了一座桥.(已经建好了)

    Tom was reading a story-book last week.上个星期汤姆在读一本小说.(还没读完)

    Tom read a story-book last week.上个星期汤姆读了一本小说.(读完了)

    Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.

    玛丽昨晚给她的朋友写了封信.(信写完了)

    Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.

    玛丽昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信.(信不一定写完)

    现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

    现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响、结果或表示过去的动作或状态一直持续到现在,而一般过去时则强调过去发生的动作,不对现在造成影响.例如:

    ① --- Have you milked the cow?--- 你挤过牛奶了没有?

    --- Yes,I have.--- 是的,我挤过了.

    --- When did you milk it?--- 你什么时候挤的?

    --- I milked it an hour ago.--- 我半个小时之前挤的.

    ② --- He has gone to London,hasn’t he?

    --- 他到伦敦去了,是吗?(现在的结果:人不在这里.)

    --- Yes,he has.--- 是的.

    --- How did he go there?--- 他是怎样去的?(指过去.)

    --- He went there by plane.--- 他是坐飞机去的.(指过去.)

    由以上例句看出:当表示“某人已经做过某事”或“询问某人是否做过某事”时,常用现在完成时;当“询问某人何时何地做的某事”时,则用一般过去时.再例如:

    --- Have you seen the film?--- 你看过这部电影吗?

    --- Yes,I have.--- 是的.

    --- When did you see it?--- 什么时候看的?

    --- I saw it yesterday.--- 昨天.

    (1) 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already,just,yet,ever,never等连用.例如:

    Have you finished your work yet?你完成你的工作了吗?

    Yes,I have.I have just finished it.是的,我刚完成.

    I have already finished it.我已经完成了.

    No,I haven''t finished it yet.不,我还没有完成.

    Have you ever been to a chicken farm?你去过养鸡场吗?

    Yes,I have.是的.

    No,I have never been to a chicken farm.不,我从来没有去过养鸡场.

    (2) 表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括”现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用.例如:for,since,now,today,this month,this year等.例如:

    I have known Li Lei for three years.我认识李雷已经三年了.

    I have lived here since 1980.从1980年开始我就住在这里.

    I have been at this school for over fourteen years.我在这个学校已经超过14年了.

    ① for和表示一段时间的词组连用.例如:for two minutes,for five hours,for ten days,for three weeks,for fourteen months,for twenty years.

    ② since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用.例如:since eight o''clock this morning,since last Sunday,since five weeks ago,since October等等.We have planted many trees this year.My mother has made many cakes today.但如果说话人所感兴趣的只是在这段时间内发生了某一动作,而不是这一动作与现在的关系时,须用过去时态.例如:

    Our school built a new building this year.

    (3) have(has)been和have(has)gone的区别:表示“曾到过某地”,要用have (has) been,不能用have (has) gone.例如:

    Where has he been?他刚才到哪儿去了?(他已回来了.)

    Where has he gone?他到哪儿去了?(他现在不在这里.)

    She has been to Shanghai.她到上海去了.

    (她可能在去上海的路上或已到上海,总之现在不在这里.)

    我认为最好的区别方法就是例句了 好好看吧 加油