宾语从句有哪几种(望详解)

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  • 宾语从句

    一、定义:

    用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句.宾语从句可以用连词that,连接代词who,whom,what,which;连接副词 how,when,where以及if和whether引起.连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中作一相应的句子成分,if或whether表示疑问,而that没有意义仅起连接作用.

    二、宾语从句的分类:

    1. 作动词的宾语从句:

    如:Everyone knows that he is a good student.

    He wondered how the pyramids were built.

    2. 作介词宾语:

    如:This depends on how hard you work.

    Is there anything wrong in what I said?

    3. 作形容词的宾语:

    如:They are confident that they can do the job well.

    I am not certain whether the train will arrive on time.

    三:使用宾语从句要注意的问题:

    1. 宾语从句引导词that的省略:

    在非正式场合下,that在引导宾语从句时,可以省略.

    如:I think (that) you are right.

    2. 形式宾语it:

    如果宾语从句后面跟有补语,要用形式宾语it来代替,而将从句放到补语的后面去.如:He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.

    I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1901.

    3.宾语从句的时态呼应:

    如果主句的谓语是过去时,宾语从句的时态要按照时态呼应规则进行相应的调整.但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然观念,其谓语时态仍用一般现在时.

    如:He said that he had left his umbrella in the library.

    The teacher told the students that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.

    4. 宾语从句否定意义的转移:

    在think,believe,suppose,expect 等动词所根的宾语中,如果从句谓语是否定的,一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去,而将从句宾语变为肯定形式.

    如:I don’t think he has time to play chess with you.

    I don’t suppose it is the rush hour yet.

    5.一些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气:

    一般说来,在一些表示坚持(insist),命令(order,command),建议(suggest,advise),要求(require,demand) 等动词之后的宾语从句中,谓语一般要用“should +动词原形”(其中的should在美国英语中常省略,但是引导从句的that通常不省略):

    如:She suggested that we (should) leave early.

    He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane.

    6.whether 与 if

    引导介词宾语从句时,只能用 whether,不用if;与“or not”连用时,一般用whether,不用if.

    如:I am interested in whether he'll go abroad.

    We don't know whether he will come or not.

    7.宾语从句的语序

    连接词后面为陈述语序.

    如:I don’t know what your name is.

    8.直接引语变为间接引语

    间接引语的使用应注意选择合适的动词.陈述用say/tell,疑问用ask/wonder,而祈使用 tell/order,建议用advise/suggest.注意这些动词后面的结构和语气.

    如:“Could you get some tea for me?” Mr.Blake said to his wife.

    →Mr.Blake asked his wife whether she could get some tea for him.

    “Shall we go dancing tonight?”John said.

    →John suggested they should go dancing tonight.