Pizza is a type of bread and tomato dish,often served with cheese,that has existed since time immemorial in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisine.The term 'pizza' first appeared "in a Latin text from the southern Italian town of Gaeta in 997 AD,which claims that a tenant of certain property is to give the bishop of Gaeta 'duodecim pizze',"twelve pizzas",every Christmas day,and another twelve every Easter Sunday".
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In 16th century Naples a Galette flatbread was referred to as a pizza.[citation needed] A dish of the poor people,it was sold in the street and was not considered a kitchen recipe for a long time.[citation needed] Before the 17th century,the pizza was covered with red sauce.[citation needed] This was later replaced by oil,tomatoes (after Europeans came into contact with the Americas) or fish.In 1843,Alexandre Dumas,père described the diversity of pizza toppings.[citation needed] In June 1889,to honor the Queen consort of Italy,Margherita of Savoy,the Neapolitan chef Raffaele Esposito created the "Pizza Margherita," a pizza garnished with tomatoes,mozzarella cheese,and basil,to represent the colors of the Italian flag.He was the first to add cheese.The sequence through which flavored flatbreads of the ancient and medieval Mediterranean became the dish popularized in the 20th century is not fully understood.