利用盖斯定律解答下列各小题(1)已知:TiO 2 (s)+2Cl 2 (g)═TiCl 4 (l)+O 2 (g)△H=

1个回答

  • (1)已知①TiO 2(s)+2Cl 2(g)═TiCl 4(l)+O 2(g)△H=+140kJ•mol -1

    ②2C(s)+O 2(g)═2CO(g)△H=-221kJ•mol -1

    TiO 2和焦炭、氯气反应生成TiCl 4和CO气体的化学方程式为:2C+TiO 2+2Cl 2═TiCl 4+2CO,可以根据①+②得到,所以反应的焓变═+140kJ•mol -1+(=-221kJ•mol -1)=-81kJ•mol -1

    故答案为:2C(s)+TiO 2(s)+2Cl 2(g)═TiCl 4(l)+2CO(g)△H=-81kJ•mol -1

    (2)已知::①2Na(s)+

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    2 O 2(g)═Na 2O(s)△H 1=-414kJ•mol -1

    ②2Na(s)+O 2(g)═Na 2O 2(s)△H 2=-511kJ•mol -1

    Na 2O 2和Na生成Na 2O的化学方程式为:2Na+Na 2O 2=2Na 2O,可以根据①×2-②得到,所以反应的焓变=(-414kJ•mol -1)×2-(-511kJ•mol -1)=-317kJ•mol -1

    故答案为:2Na(s)+Na 2O 2(s)=2Na 2O(s)△H 1=-317kJ•mol -1

    (3)已知:①C (s,石墨)+O 2(g)=CO 2(g)△H 1=-393.5kJ•mol -1

    ②2H 2(g)+O 2(g)=2H 2O (l)△H 2=-571.6kJ•mol -1

    ③2C 2H 2(g)+5O 2(g)═4CO 2(g)+2H 2O (l)△H 2=-2599kJ•mol -1

    2C (s,石墨)+H 2(g)=C 2H 2(g)的反应可以根据①×2+②×

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    2 -③×

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    2 得到,

    所以反应焓变△H=2×(-393.5kJ•mol -1)+(-571.6kJ•mol -1)×

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    2 -(-2599kJ•mol -1)×

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    2 =226.7kJ•mol -1

    故答案为:2C (s,石墨)+H 2(g)=C 2H 2(g),△H 1=226.7kJ•mol -1