动词+ing形式当主语放在句子中有什么重点与要点

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  • 动名词是英语中动词的非谓语形式的一种,起名词的作用.在动名词短语中,动名词还保留动词的属性,如可以带有自己的宾语、状语等.

    一、动名词作主语的几种类型

    动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分.在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论.

    动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况:

    1.直接位于句首做主语.例如:

    Swimming is a good sport in summer.

    2.用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语.

    动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后.例如:

    It is no use telling him not to worry.

    常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等.

    注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构.

    3.用于“There be”结构中.例如:

    There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来.

    4.用于布告形式的省略结构中.例如:

    No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).

    No parking.

    5.动名词的复合结构作主语

    当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(——这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语).动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语.例如:

    Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

    二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较

    动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语.在意义上相近.但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作.比较:

    Smoking is not good for health.

    It is not good for you to smoke so much.

    注意:

    1)在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见.

    2)在“It is no use...”,“It is no good...”,“It is fun...”,“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语:

    It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.

    *It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.

    3)在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语:

    Does your saying that mean anything to him?

    *Does for you to say that mean anything to him?

    4)在“There be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语:

    There is no telling what will happen.

    It is impossible to tell what will happen.

    5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一:

    Seeing is believing.

    *To see is to believe.