(1).(a^2+a-4)(a^2-a-4)
=[(a^2-4)+a][(a^2-4)-a]
=(a^2-4)^2-a^2
=a^4-8a^2+16-a^2
=a^4-9a^2+16
(2).(x-2y-1)^2
=[(x-2y)-1]^2
=(x-2y)^2-2(x-2y)+1
=x^2-4xy+4y^2-2x+4y+1
(1).(a^2+a-4)(a^2-a-4)
=[(a^2-4)+a][(a^2-4)-a]
=(a^2-4)^2-a^2
=a^4-8a^2+16-a^2
=a^4-9a^2+16
(2).(x-2y-1)^2
=[(x-2y)-1]^2
=(x-2y)^2-2(x-2y)+1
=x^2-4xy+4y^2-2x+4y+1