Tony approached Julia,touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!
所谓伴随状语,几个动作是同时发生的才能叫做伴随状语.其中一个是主要的动作,其余的动作是伴随主要的动作发生的.本句话中的这几个动作是一连串的动作接连发生的,不存在“伴随”的问题,因此,不是分词做伴随状语,而是三个并列的谓语动词.
Being respectful to people is subjective,based on each culture.
你可以将based on each culture改成一个非限制性的定语从句which is based on each culture.
因此你可以将based on each culture看成是整句话的补充说明是非限制性定语.
句型A is based on B.你能将它改成A is basing on B.
因此只能用based而不能用basing.