已知平行六面体ABCD-A 1 B 1 C 1 D 1 中,底面ABCD是边长为a的正方形,侧棱AA 1 的长为b,∠A

1个回答

  • (Ⅰ)因为

    A C 1 =

    AA 1 +

    A 1 B 1 +

    B 1 C 1 ;

    AC 1 2 =(

    AA 1 +

    A 1 B 1 +

    B 1 C 1 ) 2
    =

    AA 1 2 +

    A 1 B 1 2 +

    B 1 C 1 2 +2

    AA 1 •

    A 1 B 1 +2

    AA 1 •

    B 1 C 1 +2

    A 1 B 1 •

    B 1 C 1

    =b 2+a 2+a 2+2abcos120°+2abcos120°+2a•acos90°

    =b 2+2a 2-2ab.

    ∴AC 1=

    b 2 +2a 2 -2ab .

    (Ⅱ)∵

    AC =

    AB +

    BC ,

    D 1 B =

    D 1 A +

    A 1 B 1 +

    B 1 B ;

    ∴|

    AC |=

    (

    AB +

    BC ) 2 =

    AB 2 +

    BC 2 +2

    AB •

    BC =

    a 2 + a 2 +2a 2 cos90° =

    2 a;

    |

    D 1 B |=

    (

    D 1 A +

    A 1 B 1 +

    B 1 B ) 2

    =

    D 1 A 2 +

    A 1 B 1 2 +

    B 1 B 2 +2

    D 1 A •

    A 1 B 1 +2

    D 1 A •

    B 1 B +2

    A 1 B 1 •

    B 1 B

    =

    a 2 + b 2 + a 2 +2abcos60°+2a 2 cos90°+2abcos120° =

    2 a 2 + b 2 .

    AC •

    D 1 B =(

    AB +

    BC )•(

    D 1 A 1 +

    A 1 B 1 +

    B 1 B )

    =

    AB •

    D 1 A 1 +

    AB •

    A 1 B 1 +

    AB •

    B 1 B +

    BC •

    D 1 A 1 +

    BC •

    A 1 B 1 +

    BC •

    B 1 B =ab;

    ∴cos <

    D 1 B ,

    AC > =

    ab

    2 a•

    2 a 2 + b 2 =

    b

    4 a 2 +2 b 2 .

    所以直线BD 1和AC的夹角为:arccos

    b

    4 a 2 +2 b 2