(Ⅰ)因为
A C 1 =
AA 1 +
A 1 B 1 +
B 1 C 1 ;
∴
AC 1 2 =(
AA 1 +
A 1 B 1 +
B 1 C 1 ) 2
=
AA 1 2 +
A 1 B 1 2 +
B 1 C 1 2 +2
AA 1 •
A 1 B 1 +2
AA 1 •
B 1 C 1 +2
A 1 B 1 •
B 1 C 1
=b 2+a 2+a 2+2abcos120°+2abcos120°+2a•acos90°
=b 2+2a 2-2ab.
∴AC 1=
b 2 +2a 2 -2ab .
(Ⅱ)∵
AC =
AB +
BC ,
D 1 B =
D 1 A +
A 1 B 1 +
B 1 B ;
∴|
AC |=
(
AB +
BC ) 2 =
AB 2 +
BC 2 +2
AB •
BC =
a 2 + a 2 +2a 2 cos90° =
2 a;
|
D 1 B |=
(
D 1 A +
A 1 B 1 +
B 1 B ) 2
=
D 1 A 2 +
A 1 B 1 2 +
B 1 B 2 +2
D 1 A •
A 1 B 1 +2
D 1 A •
B 1 B +2
A 1 B 1 •
B 1 B
=
a 2 + b 2 + a 2 +2abcos60°+2a 2 cos90°+2abcos120° =
2 a 2 + b 2 .
AC •
D 1 B =(
AB +
BC )•(
D 1 A 1 +
A 1 B 1 +
B 1 B )
=
AB •
D 1 A 1 +
AB •
A 1 B 1 +
AB •
B 1 B +
BC •
D 1 A 1 +
BC •
A 1 B 1 +
BC •
B 1 B =ab;
∴cos <
D 1 B ,
AC > =
ab
2 a•
2 a 2 + b 2 =
b
4 a 2 +2 b 2 .
所以直线BD 1和AC的夹角为:arccos
b
4 a 2 +2 b 2