关于英语中的助动词和情态动词问题

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  • 助动词shall和will的用法和区别 shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时.例如: He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海. I shall not come if it rains tomorrow. 如明天下雨我就不来. shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时,例如: I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语. He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海. 说明:在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称.现在,尤其是在口语中,will常用于第一人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较: He shall come. 他必须来.(shall有命令的意味.) He will come. 他要来.(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时.) 1)should无词义,只是shall的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称,例如: I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么. 比较: "What shall I do next week?" I asked. "我下周干什么?"我问道.(可以说,shall变成间接引语时,变成了should.) 2) would也无词义,是will的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称,例如: He said he would come. 他说他要来.比较: "I will go," he said. 他说:"我要去那儿." 变成间接引语,就成了: He said he would come. 原来的will变成would,go变成了come.. My brother will leave for the United States next week. 我的哥哥下星期要到美国去. 在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称.现在,尤其是在口语中,will也常用于第一人称. 关于“shall/will”的用法的五个规则: ① 说或写都尽量使用“I'll,You'll,He'll,She'll,It'll,We'll,They'll …”的简缩形.例如: I'll answer your question. You'll read my blog. He'll point out my mistake. She'll like my essays. It'll be a hot night for me. We'll go to bed. They'll wake up here. ②要表达主语的“意志”,通常都用“will”(文法上称为意志将来). I won't see him again. 我不愿意再和他见面. Who will go and help that poor old man? 谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人? Mary will. (玛丽愿意.) ③说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去,通常用“shall”. You shall not do that again. 你不可以再做那样的事. He shall return that book tomorrow. 明天他必须把那本书归还. ④第一人称问句使用“shall”. Shall I call you a taxi? 需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗? Shall we tell her the truth? 我们可以把实情告诉她吗? ⑤问句是“Shall…?”,答句就用“shall ~”;问句用“Will …?”,答句就用“will ~ ”. Shall you go to school tomorrow? 你明天须要上学去吗? Yes,I shall. We'll have an exam. 是的,我必须去.我们明天有考试. Will you go to school with me tomorrow? 明天你要不要和我一道去学校? No,I won't. I'm going on a picnic. 我不要.我已定好要去郊游. 注:Let's …的附加疑问通常使用“…,shall we ?”. Let's have a rest,shall we? 我们休息一下,怎样? 一般将来时除了使用“shall/will + V…”以外,也可以使用下列的几种句式来表达. 1.be going to + V … (即将会……;打算将……) It is going to rain. Take an umbrella with you. 带一把伞去.看样子就要下雨了. The Browns are going to move to Australia. 布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去. 2.be about to + V (即将……,指紧接着要发生的动作.) Let's wait a minute. He is about to arrive. 我们等一下.他即将会到达. 3.be + V-ing …(定于……,指接近的将来动作.) He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning. 他定于明天早晨到香港去. 4.be + to V (定于……,指预定的将来动作.) She is to be here at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow. 她定于明晨九时到达这里. 5.V-(e)s (定于……,指接近的将来动作,但不如第3项主观.) He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning. 参考资料: http://www.***.com/CET3/cihuiyufa/2007-04-24/21822.html 希望能帮到你

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