Ⅰ?就其词形结构而言,形容词可分为单字形容词和复合形容词.单字形容词有
不带词缀的如big, small, good, hard,有带前缀或后缀的如:
dislogal,impossible,unkind;beautiful,voiceless,bloody;unthinkab
le,monolingual等.复合形容词的构成是多种多样的,如:
形容词+形容词:bitter-sweet,deaf-mute;
形容词/副词+ing分词:good-looking,easy-going;
形容词/副词+ed分词:newly-built,well-meant;
名词+形容词:grassgreen dutyfree;
名词+ing分词:law-abiding,mouth-watering;
名词+ed分词:hand-made,sun-burnt;
形容词+名词+ed:king-hearted,absent-minded;
Ⅱ?就其句法功能而言,形容词可分为中心形容词(Central Adjective)和外
围形容词(Peripheral Adjective).例如:
Green apples are sour./Pillar-boxs are green/They have painted
the windows green.(这三个句子中“Green”分别充当修饰语,主补和宾补,为
中心形容词,而在This is utter nonsense中,utter只能做修饰语,不能做
主补,即不能说※The nonsense in utter;在This child is asleep中,asleep
只能做主补,不能做修饰语,即不能说※This is an asleep child.
Ⅲ?就其词汇意义而言,形容词可分为静态形容词(Stative Adj.如tall,big
short,small,shallow,deep,ugly,beautiful等)和动态形容词(Dynamic
Adj.,如witty,patient,generous等)两者有以下区别意义:
1?动态形容词可与系动词be的进行体搭配作补语,而静态形容词不可.说She is being witty;而不可以说※She is being beautiful.
2?动态形容词可用于以动词be开首的祈使句,而静态形容词不可.如可以说Be patient!Be careful!不可以说※Be tall! small!
3?动态形容词可用于使役结构,而静态形容词不可.如可以说I persuaded her to be generous,但不可以说※I persuaded her to be beautiful.