CH4
-------hv
CH4+Cl2→CH3Cl+HCL
-------点燃
CH4+2O2→→CO2+2H2O（完全燃烧）
-------点燃
CH4+O2→→CO+2H2O（不完全燃烧）
----1000℃
CH4→→→C+2H2
C2H6的性质与CH4相似,
C2H4
-------点燃
C2H4+3O2→→2CO2+2H2O（完全燃烧）
--------催化剂、加热、加压
2C2H4+O2→→→→→→→→→→2CH3CHO
3C2H4+2KMnO4+4H2O→→HOCH2CH2OH+2MnO2↓+2KOH
5C2H4+8KMnO4+12H2SO4→→10HCOOH+8MnSO4+4K2SO412H2O
------------CCl4
CH2=CH2+Br2→→BrCH2CH2Br
----------Ni、△
CH2=CH2+H2→→→CH3CH3
----------ACl3、△
CH2=CH2+HCl→→→CH3CH2Cl
------------催化剂、加热、加压
CH2=CH2+H2O→→→→→→→→→→CH3CH2OH
------------催化剂、加热、加压
nCH2=CH2+H2O→→→→→→→→→→[CH2CH2]n(不好表示)
CH3CH2OH
------------点燃
CH3CH2OH+3O2→→2CO2+3H2O（完全燃烧）
------------催化剂
2CH3CH2OH+O2→→→2CH3CHO+2H2O
2CH3CH2OH+2Na→→→2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑
-------------ZnCl2
CH3CH2OH+HCl→→→CH3CH2Cl+H2O
--------浓硫酸、170℃
CH3CH2OH→→→→→→CH2=CH2↑+H2O
--------浓硫酸、140℃
CH3CH2OH→→→→C2H5OC2H5+H2O
CH3CH2OH+H2SO4→→→C2H5OSO3H+H2O
----------------浓硫酸、△
CH3CH2OH+HOOCCH3→→→→→→CH3CH2OOCCH3+H2O
---------------浓硫酸、△
CH3CH2OH+HNO3→→→→→→CH3CH2ONO2+H2O
CH3COOH
2CH3COOH+2Na→→→2CH3COONa+H2↑
2CH3COOH+Na2O→→→2CH3COONa+2H2O
CH3COOH+NaOH→→→CH3COONa+H2O
CH3COOH+NH3→→→CH3COONH4
CH3COOH+NaHCO3→→→CH3COONa+CO2↑+H2O
----------------浓硫酸、△
CH3CH2OH+HOOCCH3→→→→→→CH3CH2OOCCH3+H2O
----------紫外光
C6H6+3Cl2→→→→C6H6Cl6
----------催化剂
C6H6+Cl2→→→→C6H5Cl+HCl
---------浓硫酸、△
C6H6+HNO3→→→→→→C6H5NO2+H2O
------------△
C6H6+H2SO4→→→C6H5SO3H+H2O
小结:
1．取代反应
2．加成反应
（C17H33COO）3C3H5+3H2 （C17H35COO）3C3H5
3．氧化反应
2C2H2+5O2 4CO2+2H2O
2CH3CH2OH+O2 2CH3CHO+2H2O
2CH3CHO+O2
CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH +2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
4．还原反应
5．消去反应
C2H5OH CH2═CH2↑+H2O
CH3—CH2—CH2Br+KOH CH3—CH═CH2+KBr+H2O
6．酯化反应
7．水解反应
C2H5Cl+H2O C2H5OH+HCl
CH3COOC2H5+H2O CH3COOH+C2H5OH
(C6H10O5)n+nH¬2O nC6H12O6
淀粉 葡萄糖
8．聚合反应
9．热裂
10．烷基化反应
11．显色反应
6C6H5OH+Fe3+ [Fe(C6H5O)6]3-+6H+
（紫色）
有些蛋白质与浓HNO3作用而呈黄色
12．中和反应