I. 形容词比较级和最高级的形式一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成构 成 法原 级比 较 级最 高 级① 一般单音节词末尾加-er 和 -eststrongstrongerstrongest② 单音节词如果以-e结尾,只加-r 和-ststrangestrangerstrangest③ 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,
须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er和-estsad
big
hotsadder
bigger
hottersaddest
biggest
hottest④ 少数以-y, -er(或-ure), -ow, -ble结尾的双音节词, 末尾加-er和-est(以-y结尾的词,如y前是辅音字母, 把y变成i,再加-er和-est,以-e结尾的词仍加-r和-st)angry
clever
narrow
nobleangrier
cleverer
narrower
noblerangriest
cleverest
narrowest
noblest⑤ 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和mostdifficultmore
difficultmost
difficult 二、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式原 级比 较 级最 高 级good / well better bestbad / illworse worstmany / muchmore mostlittle fewlessleastfar farther / further farthest / furthest II. 副词比较级和最高级的形式副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样.一、一般副词hard→harder →hardest fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest early→earlier →earliest二、特殊副词well →better →best much →more →most
badly →worse →worst little →less →least 三、开放类副词开放类副词即以后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er或-est,而应在副词原形前加more或most.如：
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly III. 形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法一、比较级1．比较级通常由 “形容词(副词)比较级+than+…” 构成,表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加……”.连词than后可接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构,有时也可省去than.如：Mary is happier than Jane. 玛丽比珍妮幸福.（形容词和系词连用）He lives more happily than I. 他过得比我幸福.（副词修饰行为动词）2．注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致.如：The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than it did for us.Sound travels faster through water than through air. 3． 比较级前还可用much, even, still, a little等词语来修饰,表示“……得多”,“甚至……”, “更……”,“……一些”等意思.如：Japan is a little larger than Germany. 日本比德国大一点儿.用“…times + 形容词的比较级 + than…”句式表示倍数；用“表示数量的词 + 比较级”来表示具体的比较差别.如：Our room is twice larger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的大两倍.He is a head taller than I. 他比我高一头. 4．隐含比较级1）有时比较级并不一定出现than,这时通过上下文可暗示出.如：Are you feeling better now? 你现在感觉好些了吗?2）有些形容词在表示比较的时候,跟“to”而不用“than”.如：prior to 较早的,较重要的superior to优越,高于inferior to 下等的,次的senior to 年长的,地位高的junior to年幼的,地位低的,迟的preferable to 更好的 The task is prior to all others. 这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要.In maths he felt superior to John. 他觉得自己数学比约翰强.He is two years senior to me. 他比我大两岁.Health without riches is preferable to riches without health. 贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取.二、最高级1．最高级用于三者以上比较,形容词的结构形式是“定冠词＋形容词最高级＋名词＋表示范围的短语或从句” (如of all, of the three, in the world, that has ever taken place等).如：Of all of the writers in England, William Shakespeare is the most widely known. 2．副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the.如：
He runs fastest of the three. 三个人中他跑得最快.3．当用介词短语表明形容词最高级的比较范围,作介词宾语的名词或代词与句中的主语属同一类人或物,并把主语包括在内时,用介词of；如不属于同一类人或物,而只说明在某一时间、空间范围内的比较时,用介词in.如：He is the tallest of the four boys. ( He 与boy属同类)He is the tallest in our class. ( He与 class不属同类) 4．可以用原级,比较级,最高级三种形式来表示最高级的意思.如：She is the best student in her class. She is better than any other student in her class. No other student in her class is better than she. No other student in her class is as good as she.