名词性从句—— 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
主语从句
一、that从句做主语
1、that不能省略,常用it做形式主语
That the thief has entered his room is obvious.
=It is obvious that the thief has entered the room.
2、it做形式主语的几种句型
1) It + be + adj. + that从句
It is important that we learn English well.
常用形容词：important, necessary, obvious, clear, likely, possible, certain, true
2) It + be + n. + that从句
It was a pity that you missed the lecture.
常用名词：common knowledge, a fact, a pity, a shame, a surprise, no wonder
3) It + be + 过去分词 + that从句
It is said that they have won the game.
常用过去分词：said, believed, reported, hoped, claimed, known, announced, suggested
此句型可转换成另一结构：
主语 + be + 过去分词 + to do / to have done
It is said that they have won the game. = They are said to have won the game
People say that he will go to America.
It is said that he will go to America.
= He is said to go to America.
4) It + vi. +that从句
It seems that something is wrong with the machine.
常用vi：happen, appear, seem, turn out
二、wh-从句做主语
1、可用it做形式主语
Who will leave for Beijing hasn’t been decided.
= It hasn’t been decided who will leave for Beijing.
2、主语从句只用whether, 不用if
3、主语从句谓语动词用单数
Whether he will join us is unknown.
宾语从句
一、that从句做宾语
1、做动词宾语
I hear that they have gone to America.
2、形容词宾语
I am afraid that you are wrong.
常用形容词： sure, certain, happy, glad, afraid, aware, eager, anxious
3、复合宾语——用it做形式宾语,真正宾语that从句放句尾
We find it important that we learn English well.
常用it做形式宾语的动词：find, feel, think, believe, make, consider
We find it important that we learn English well.
We find (that) it is important that we learn English well.
4、用在双宾语动词后面
He has shown us that he is worthy of trust.
Show sb that tell sb that
5、用it做形式宾语的固定结构
take it for granted that认为……是理所当然的
I take it for granted that he should help me.
see to it that务必……；一定注意到 (=make sure that)
Please see to it that you should close the door before you leave the room.
owe it to sb that将某事归功于某人
I owe it to my parents that I have succeeded.
I owe my success to my parents.
6、that从句做介词宾语,在in, but, except之后的特殊用法
in that 因为 except that 除了 but that如非,要不是
I would have drowned,but that you had saved me in the water.
二、wh- 从句做宾语
1、做动词宾语
I can’t imagine what made him say it.
what做宾语从句主语,不能用that
2、做介词宾语
Here is a copy of what I said.
I’m surprised at what he said.
3、做形容词宾语
I’m not sure why she refused the invitation.
三、宾语从句注意事项
1、that可省略,但in that, except that, but that除外
2、宾语从句中,当主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词要用与过去相关的时态
She asked me where I was going.
I wondered how he could make such rapid progress in French.
注意：若从句表达的是客观真理,仍用一般现在时
The teacher told us that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.
3、当主句有think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine动词时,宾语从句中谓语动词否定转移
I don’t think he is a bad student.
我认为他不是一个坏学生
4、Could you tell me ……? 比Can you…… 语气婉转,从句谓语动词时态根据实际需要.
5、宾语从句用陈述语序
Please explain why this is impossible.
Nobody can tell when she will arrive.
注意：I don’t know what was wrong/ the matter with the machine.
I don’t know what is the matter with him.
I don’t’ know what the matter is with him. 错误
I don’t know what the boy is.
6、whether引导的从句可充当介词宾语,if不行.介词 + whether…
表语从句
一、that从句做表语,that不能省略
The truth is that he is very shy.
The fact is that he is ill.
注意：主语为reason时,表语从句用that；主语为it, this, that, 用because
The reason why she was late this morning was that she missed the early bus.
That was because she had been ill.
He got up late this morning, that was why he was late.
2、wh-从句做表语
This is what he has done.
注意：表语从句只用whether,不用if
The question is whether we should start right now.
同位语从句
We must face the fact that we have spent all our money.
1、that从句做同位语,that不能省
I have no doubt that he will win the game.
注意：有时同位语从句被其他词隔开
Word (news) came that they had won the game.
2、wh-从句做同位语
I have no idea what he said.
I have no idea _why/when___ he said that.
注意：同位语从句只用whether, 不用if.
We must face the fact that he has told us.