完全手工加人工,希望对你有帮助(By xiaotian264)
楼上几个全是机翻,哈哈,标点符号都完全一样,居然还有个家伙说什么“打了半天”...自欺欺人.
(4)The emotional devotion from translator
There're ways for people to transfer their deep emotions. Language is defined as a main, effective and direct measurment for such tranfer. When tranlation is concerned, the influence from personal emotion won't be easy to get rid of, as translation itself is part of language. Upon the principle of translation, Eugene and Nida divided language's applications for communication into 9 parts , and two of them, known as "application in communicating emotion"and the other, "application in communicating feelings", have something to do with emotion. The conception of application in communicating emotion means what reactions readers might response, will the articles bring readers the feeling of happiness, humor, satisfaction, annoyance, affliction or anything else, While the conception of application in communicating feelings means the purpose of language is not to exchange ideas in people, but to exchange feelings. As the intermedia, translators will undoubtfully involve their own emotion into their work, so, the direction followed should be transfer of such emotion from original works to readers. Then come the question that whether it's suitable for translators to show their own emotion in their translation? We got much controversy on what exactly it should be, and unfortunately, though many experts paid attention to such problem in their theory, few investigation were devoted into.
The famous translator Lin Shu suggested to attach translators' own emotion to their translation, as he believed both translator and original auther as well as the content in their works need interior communication. Such principle were followed by himself in his work. Precisely, it is the heavy emotion from such a translating master that brought his works feelings of effecting and engaging. Many current translators arranged from Guo Moruo to Cheng Fangwu, from Mao Dun to Wen Yiduo as well as Fu Lei discussed this problem in their theory, they all agreed on the importance of emotional attachment. Even conceptions like "spiritual imitation", "manner imitation", "similar in spirit", "charming expression", "integrated surrounding" and "flavor in translation" seems like refuse to have any relation with translation are in actual staying in the atmosphere of emotion.
Such idea was firstly proposed by Guo Moruo in Chinese new literary history. Within his forewords for Shelley Poem, he said the translation of Shelley's poem is to make myself be him, is to make him be myself, and poem translation doesn't mean parrot,doesn't equal to imitation, like the marriage between man and woman, all need to be erected upon the foundation of mutual attraction, upon the foundation of communication deep in minds, and I love Shelly. So I could hear his heart, I could gain mutual attraction with him, I even got marriage with him, we both have been an integrated one. This made his poem be similar to mine, and made me feel that I was creat poems all by myself.
Although it seems exaggerated, the opinion of injecting emotion to translation was shown vividly. Certainly, he experssed the undeterminated feeling that might occur to translators, like he evaluate the translation of Nietzsche's works:"I'm a mirror, which reflect a virtual image of Nietzsche; And my reflection would sometimes stay in chaos, is this unfair to lots of authers and readers". It's sure, translators should have been a mirror to show the original image, while due to various of mirorrs and their uncertain profile, qualified ones might show what reality are, and unqualified ones might mistake them. In the process of translation, translator need to express the truth in spirit when playing the role as a mirror, mistakes need to be avoided since ideas and actions should have stayed in uniform with each other, according with this, any idea should be in uniform precisely with their expression, in other words, "thought to be" is not advisible. Basic on this, on the one hand, translators need to be affected by original works and to involve their own emotion into translation naturally, on the other hand, they need to obey to the principles of cautiously, so as to transfer what original authors tried to express. So, how to handle the contradiction related by translator's emotion in translation properly? I believe we need to differentiate the style of articles beyond the consideration on emotional problems, Master Lu Xun proposed his idea to defferentiate the content of original works before translation in 1933, and professor Peter Newmark claimed to pay attention to the style of different articles, this brought us another question in how to differentiate them, according to the measurements taken by Chen Xiying in 1929 to Zeng Xubai's poems and articles, to classify articles into literary and un-literary ones might be suitable for our discussion about emotional devotion.