设函数f(x)=1-e-x.(Ⅰ)证明:当x>-1时,f(x)≥xx+1;(Ⅱ)设当x≥0时,f(x)≤xax+1,求a

1个回答

  • (1)当x>-1时,f(x)≥[x/x+1]当且仅当ex≥1+x

    令g(x)=ex-x-1,则g'(x)=ex-1

    当x≥0时g'(x)≥0,g(x)在[0,+∞)是增函数

    当x≤0时g'(x)≤0,g(x)在(-∞,0]是减函数

    于是g(x)在x=0处达到最小值,因而当x∈R时,g(x)≥g(0)时,即ex≥1+x

    所以当x>-1时,f(x)≥[x/x+1]

    (2)由题意x≥0,此时f(x)≥0

    当a<0时,若x>-[1/a],则[x/ax+1]<0,f(x)≤[x/ax+1]不成立;

    当a≥0时,令h(x)=axf(x)+f(x)-x,则

    f(x)≤[x/ax+1]当且仅当h(x)≤0

    因为f(x)=1-e-x,所以h'(x)=af(x)+axf'(x)+f'(x)-1=af(x)-axf(x)+ax-f(x)

    (i)当0≤a≤[1/2]时,由(1)知x≤(x+1)f(x)

    h'(x)≤af(x)-axf(x)+a(x+1)f(x)-f(x)

    =(2a-1)f(x)≤0,

    h(x)在[0,+∞)是减函数,h(x)≤h(0)=0,即f(x)≤[x/ax+1]

    (ii)当a>[1/2]时,由(i)知x≥f(x)

    h'(x)=af(x)-axf(x)+ax-f(x)≥af(x)-axf(x)+af(x)-f(x)=(2a-1-ax)f(x)

    当0<x<[2a?1/a]时,h'(x)>0,所以h'(x)>0,所以h(x)>h(0)=0,即f(x)>[x/ax+1]

    综上,a的取值范围是[0,[1/2]]