意思不一样
第一句只能用定语从句 不能用分词结构作定语
第二句不常见 应该是whoever violates the rules will be punished.
分词结构作定语都能转换成定语从句.但定语从句转换成分词结构作定语是有条件的.
下面就是不能转换的几种情况：
1．如主句谓语是现在时,从句谓语事过去时时.例如：
1).The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.(≠The foreigner visiting our class yesterday is from Canada.)
2).The boy who broke the window is called Tom.(≠The boy breaking the window is called Tom.)
2．如定语从句时完成时时.例如：
3).She told her father all that had happened.(≠She told her father all having happened.)
4).We like the football team that has played several games here.(≠We like the football team playing/having played several games here.)
2． 如从句谓语动词是系表结构或表示状态的动词时.例：
5).The man who was here yesterday is a scientist.
6).All the books there which have pictures in them were written by him.(≠All the books there having pictures in them were written by him.)
4．如从句谓语动词中含有情态动词时,不可转换成分词结构,因为分词不能表达情态动词的意义.例如：
7).A plane is a machine that can fly.(≠A plane is a machine flying.)
8).Is there anyone who can answer the question?(≠Is there anyone answering the question?)
5．如非限制性定语从句中作主语的关系代词不是表达先行词的意思,而是表达整个主句的意思时,不能转换成分词结构.例如：
9).Tom didn’t pass the exam,which made his father very angry.(≠Tom didn’t pass the exam,making his father very angry.)
6．关系代词在句中作表语以及关系副词引导的定语从句也不能转换成分词.例如：
10).John is not the man that he was.(≠John was not the man being.)
11).This is the house where I lived two years ago.(≠This is the house living two years ago.)
12).The time when they had to leave finally arrived.(≠The time having to leave finally arrived.)
另外,关系代词在从句中作宾语,有是根据需要,也可以转换成分词结构,但必须用过去分词.因为先行词不是从句谓语动词的执行者,而是承受着.例如：
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are healthy.( = The babies being looked after by the nurses are healthy.)
.