1） 主语 subject 是一句得主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词或相当于名词的词担任,一般置于句首.The sun is shinning in our faces.What he is going to do is still a secret.2） 谓语或谓语动词 predicate or predicate verb 是说明主语的动作或状态的,常用动词担任,置于主语之后.The play began at eight,so they must dine at seven.谓语或谓语动词专指动词部分,包括动词短语.它与谓语部分不同.3） 宾语 object 是表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象的,常由名词或想当于名词的词担任,置于及物动词或介词之后.Thomas received a warning letter.Nobody can deny that she is a beautiful girl.4） 补语 complement 和表语 predicative,补语是用来补充主语和宾语的意义的,一般都着重说明主语或宾语的特征,常由名词或形容词担任.表语就是位于连系动词之后的主语补语.Hill was declared the winner of the night.(主语补语) I consider the book expensive.(宾语补语) John Mill was an early feminist.(表语) 5） 定语 attribute 是限定或修饰名词或相当于名词的词,常由形容词或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任.形容词常置于名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句常置于名词之后.John had a great desire.Children who live by the sea usually begin to swim at an early age.6） 状语 adverbial 是修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的.常由副词或相当于副词的短语或从句担任.修饰动词时,可置于动词之前,亦可置于动词之后.修饰形容词或副词时,常置于它们之前.Alex did badly on exam.Houses are so expensive.Frankly,I don’t think the plan will succeed.As I approached,Ray gave me a nod of greeting.此外,还有句子独立成分 independent element of the sentence 的句子成分.如感叹词,称呼语和插入语等.