在英语中,我们把主语在前谓语动词在后的句子叫陈述句,把谓语动词放在主语前面的句子叫倒装句.如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫完全倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装.
I.完全倒装
1.用于 there be 句型.
例如：There are some students in the classroom.
教室里有几位学生.
There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.
教室的前面有一棵大树.
2.用于“ here （ there,now,then ）＋不及物动词＋主语”的句型中,或以 in,out,up,down,away 等副词开头的句子里,以表示强调.
例如：Here comes the bus.汽车来了.
There goes the bell.铃响了.
Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了.
Out went the children.孩子们出去了.
注意：
（ 1 ）主语是代词时,主语和谓语不倒装.
（ 2 ） here ,there 放在句首通常用一般现在时.
Here it is.给你.（你要的东西在这儿.）
Here he comes.他来了.
3.当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时,也常将其全部倒装.
例如：South of the city lies a big steel factory.
城市南边有一家大型钢厂.
From the valley came a frightening sound.
从山谷里传来了可怕的声音.
4.表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”：
（ 1 ）形容词＋连系动词＋主语
Present at the meeting were Mr Li,Mr Wang and many other teachers.
出席会议的有李老师、王老师和其他很多老师.
（ 2 ）过去分词＋连系动词＋主语
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.
我们使用洋油的日子一去不复返了.
（ 3 ）介词短语＋ be ＋主语
Among the goods are books,exercise-books,pens and some other things.
在所有的货物中有书、练习册、钢笔和其他东西.
5.用于 so,neither ,nor 开头的句子,表示重复前句的部分内容.原句的谓语应与前句的谓语的时态、形式相一致.
例如：He has been to Canada.So have I.
他去过加拿大,我也去过.
You can't speak French.Neither can she.
你不会说法语,
6.为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调表语或状语,或是上下文紧密衔接时.
例如：They arrived at a small village,in front of which was a big river.
他们来到一个小村庄,村庄前面是条大河.
Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.
在金字塔里面有埋葬国王和王后的墓室.
II.部分倒装
1.用于疑问句.
例如：Do they work in the factory?
他们在这家工厂上班吗?
2.用于省略的虚拟条件状语从句.
例如：Had I seen him yesterday wouldn't go to his house now.
如果我昨天见到他了,我现在就不去他家了.
3.用于“形容词（或名词、动词） +as （ though ）”引导的让步状语从句中.例如：Young as he is ,he knows a lot.
他虽然很年轻,但知道很多.
Try as he would,he might failed again.
他虽然可以试试,可能还会失败.
注意：如果从句的表语是名词,其名词前无形容词时,不用冠词；若有形容词要用冠词.
Child as he was,he had to make a living.
他虽是个孩子,但得糊口.
A bad -tempered man as Mr Chen is,he loves us deeply.
陈老师脾气不好,但他深深地爱着我们.
4.用于 no sooner … than … ,hardly … when 和 not until 等句型.
例如：No sooner had I come in,the telephone rang.
我刚进屋,电话铃就响了.
Not until 12 did he go to sleep.
直到 12 点他才入睡.
5.用于 never,hardly ,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,at no time,not only 等开头的句子.
Never shall I do this again.我绝不会再做此事.
Seldom does he come late.他很少迟到.
6.用于“ only ＋状语”开头的句子.
Only in the way can we learn English well.
只有这样我们才能学好英语.
Only then did he know he was wrong.
直到那时他才知道他错了.
7.用于“ so ＋形容词 / 副词”放在句首的 so … that 句子.
例如：So young is the boy that he can't join the army.
这孩子没到参军的年龄.
So fast is he running that he can keep up with the bike.
他跑得快得能跟上自行车.